So lvation of Ions
+
When a  cation exists in solution, it is surrounded by the negative dipole ends of water molecules. When as anion exists in solution, it is surrounded by the positive dipole ends of water molecules.
p.  562
Fi g. 12-5, p. 560
Fi g. 12-5, p. 560
Di pole – Dipole Forces
Fi g. 12-6, p. 561
Fi g. 12-8, p. 564
Fi g. 12-10, p. 566
Fi g. 12-11, p. 567
p.  568
Table 12-6, p. 572
Fi g. 12-14, p. 571
Fi g. 12-17, p. 574
Fi g. 12-13, p. 571
The Temperature Dependence of Vapor Pressure Goes As:
lnP
D° =-
slope :
H
vap
H
C
Δ −
vap
v ap
+
RT
R
1 T
A  plot of lnPvap vs.    yields a slope of:
∆vapH° is related to T and P by the Clausius-Clapeyron equation
y-intercept =C
Cr itical Temperature and Pressure for CO2
