This seminar provides a survey of major theorists of the 20th century, with a particular focus on writings related to the interpretation of signs and images, e.g. theories relevant to students of art history. We will read a series of significant, paradigm-shifting theoretical texts in chronological order, paired with relevant works of art and film that have been selected for their ability to mutually illuminate the readings. Our method will be close reading of difficult primary texts. Students will come away from the course with a foundation in semiotics, psychoanalytic theory, Marxist theory, critical race theory, and queer theory, providing a set of methodological models for interpreting visual objects, as well as a base of knowledge from which to embark upon further independent reading and study. Graduate student seminar; advanced undergrads may request to enroll by instructor permission.