Section outline

    • Dixon 2018 File PDF

      Dixon, Helen. 2018. “Late 1st-Millennium B.C.E. Levantine Dog Burials as an Extension of Human Mortuary Behavior.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 379: 19–41. https://doi.org/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.379.0019.

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    • Schwartz 2013 File PDF

      Schwartz, Glenn M. 2013. “Memory and Its Demolition: Ancestors, Animals and Sacrifice at Umm El-Marra, Syria.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23 (3): 495–522. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774313000504.

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    • Schwartz 2017 File PDF

      Schwartz, Glenn M. 2017. “The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice.” Annual Review of Anthropology 46: 223–40.

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    • Weber 2014 File PDF

      Weber, Jill. 2014. “Skeletons and Scent: The Importance of Odor in Death Rituals at Tell Majnuna, Syria, in the Early Fourth Millennium BC.” In Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the Second and Third International Symposium of the Tübingen Post-Graduate School “Symbols of the Dead” at the London 7ICAANE in April 2009 and in Tübingen in November 2010, edited by Peter Pfläzner, Herbert Niehr, Ernst Pernicka, Sarah Lange, and Tina Köster, vol. 3. Harrassowitz Verlag.

       

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    • Wygnanska 2017 File PDF

      Wygnańska, Zuzanna. 2017. “Equid and Dog Burials in the Ritual Landscape of Bronze Age Syria and Mesopotamia.” ARAM 1–2: 141–60.

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    • Tophet Folder

      Short, collated sections on the Tophet phenomenon (posted on Moodle) sections from:

      • Quinn, Josephine Crawley. 2018. In Search of the Phoenicians. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889112.
      • Schwartz, J. H., F. D. Houghton, L. Bondioli, and R. Macchiarelli. 2017. “Two Tales of One City: Data, Inference and Carthaginian Infant Sacrifice.” Antiquity 91 (356): 442–54. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.270.
      • Smith, Patricia, Lawrence E. Stager, Joseph A. Greene, and Gal Avishai. 2013. “Cemetery or Sacrifice? Infant Burials at the Carthage Tophet: Age Estimations Attest to Infant Sacrifice at the Carthage Tophet.” Antiquity 87 (338): 1191–99. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049954.
      • Xella, Paolo. 2012. “‘Tophet’ An Overall Interpretation.” Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici 29–30: 259–81.