Section outline

        • Baker, Jill. 2012. The Funeral Kit: Mortuary Practices in the Archaeological Record. Left Coast Press. (pages 26 (bottom of page) -56 from Chapter 2)

        • Baker, Jill. 2012. The Funeral Kit: Mortuary Practices in the Archaeological Record. Left Coast Press. (Chapter 3)

        • Bradbury, Jennie. 2025. Death and Burial within the Ancient Levant (4500-550 BCE): Challenging the Normative. Routledge. (Chapter 8)

        • Ekengren, F. 2013. “Contextualizing Grave Goods. Theoretical Perspectives and Methodological Implications.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death & Burial, edited by S. Tarlow and L. Nilsson Stutz. Oxford University Press.

        • Gansell, Amy Rebecca. 2018. “Dressing the Neo-Assyrian Queen in Identity and Ideology: Elements and Ensembles from the Royal Tombs at Nimrud.” American Journal of Archaeology 122 (1): 65–100. https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.122.1.0065.

        • Wengrow, David, Brenna Hassett, Haluk Sağlamtimur, et al. 2025. “Inequality at the Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Case of Başur Höyük, a ‘Royal’ Cemetery at the Margins of the Mesopotamian World.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 34 (2): 293–304. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774324000398.

        • Dixon, Helen. 2018. “Late 1st-Millennium B.C.E. Levantine Dog Burials as an Extension of Human Mortuary Behavior.” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 379: 19–41. https://doi.org/10.5615/bullamerschoorie.379.0019.

        • Schwartz, Glenn M. 2013. “Memory and Its Demolition: Ancestors, Animals and Sacrifice at Umm El-Marra, Syria.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23 (3): 495–522. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774313000504.

        • Schwartz, Glenn M. 2017. “The Archaeological Study of Sacrifice.” Annual Review of Anthropology 46: 223–40.

        • Weber, Jill. 2014. “Skeletons and Scent: The Importance of Odor in Death Rituals at Tell Majnuna, Syria, in the Early Fourth Millennium BC.” In Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East. Proceedings of the Second and Third International Symposium of the Tübingen Post-Graduate School “Symbols of the Dead” at the London 7ICAANE in April 2009 and in Tübingen in November 2010, edited by Peter Pfläzner, Herbert Niehr, Ernst Pernicka, Sarah Lange, and Tina Köster, vol. 3. Harrassowitz Verlag.

           

        • Wygnańska, Zuzanna. 2017. “Equid and Dog Burials in the Ritual Landscape of Bronze Age Syria and Mesopotamia.” ARAM 1–2: 141–60.

        • Short, collated sections on the Tophet phenomenon (posted on Moodle) sections from:

          • Quinn, Josephine Crawley. 2018. In Search of the Phoenicians. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400889112.
          • Schwartz, J. H., F. D. Houghton, L. Bondioli, and R. Macchiarelli. 2017. “Two Tales of One City: Data, Inference and Carthaginian Infant Sacrifice.” Antiquity 91 (356): 442–54. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.270.
          • Smith, Patricia, Lawrence E. Stager, Joseph A. Greene, and Gal Avishai. 2013. “Cemetery or Sacrifice? Infant Burials at the Carthage Tophet: Age Estimations Attest to Infant Sacrifice at the Carthage Tophet.” Antiquity 87 (338): 1191–99. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049954.
          • Xella, Paolo. 2012. “‘Tophet’ An Overall Interpretation.” Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici 29–30: 259–81.